Learning Plan Outcome Report 2,000 words Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Learning Plan Outcome Report 2,000 words - Essay Example The revised learning objectives were acquiring skills of recovery nursing both in clinical assessment and management of the postsurgical patients in the immediate postoperative period in the recovery room. This learning would also provide opportunity for application of knowledge and skills in the real situation where the learning along with evidence from research in recovery room nursing would be understood and applied in order to be able to deliver most appropriate care for the postoperative patients in the recovery room (Williams et al., 2002). The best way, thus, would be to constantly update personal knowledge and skill learning. The competency standards talk about accountability, and the best method to ensure accountability is to deliver care based on the state of the art learning (ANMC, 2004b). Specifically the learning would involve clinical assessment (ANMC, 2004a) and management of respiratory problems, pain management, management of nausea and vomiting, and documentation of care. Ans 1. The aim of recovery room nursing is provision of intensive observation and care in the postoperative patients, especially when the procedure had been done under anesthesia (Leykin et al., 2001). Ans 2. Q2. What are the primary objectives of nursing care in the Recovery Unit Ans 2. The primary objectives are recognition of major potential problems associated with a specific surgical procedure and initiation of appropriate corresponding actions. The nurses must be able to identify and demonstrate general procedures which are routine in the recovery unit, where the care will be documented until consciousness and physical functions are totally back to normal for legal reasons. It is better they use an established scoring guide for this reason (Wilkins et al., 2009). Q3. What are the serious events in the recovery unit that a nurse must watch for Ans 3. Respiratory problem, cardiovascular problem, and hemorrhage. Respiratory arrest is not uncommon in this liable and vulnerable situation. The nurse must be able to take corrective action promptly (Leykin et al., 2001). Q4. What are the primary goals of recovery room nursing care Ans4. These involve continuous, close monitoring, vigilant patient assessment; safe recovery from anaesthesia & surgery; skilled nursing action & patient management; prevention of, or early recognition & intervention of post anaesthetic/surgical problems; short-term intensive care nursing leading to optimal patient outcomes (Radford, 2003). Q5. What should be focus in care Ans5. The nurses must be competent and continue to assess their own competence. Immediate postoperative recovery care is important since in this phase many patient deaths may occur. Most of the deaths occur due to specific anesthetic errors, errors in judgment, lack of vigilance, and these can be prevented. Nursing care must focus on prevention of complications and their treatment if they occur (Radford, 2003). Q6. What should be the staffing ratios Ans6. Depending on the care needs and criticality of the condition, the staffing ratio varies. There is a recovery patient classification system, and based on that there are 4 classes, I, II, III, and IV, where the nurse patient ratios should be 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3

War Crimes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

War Crimes - Essay Example Genocides and crimes against humanity have occurred in the past too but its form and content have profoundly changed in the new century so the agency of international community in its preventive and punitive measures. The Preamble of the Rome Statute limits the jurisdiction of the Court to only to "the most serious crimes of concern to the international community as a whole" (Article 5(1) Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court). Genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes are considered to be the type of most serious crimes which affect the international community as a whole. The definitions of genocide and crimes against humanity are elaborated in the articles 6-8 are based on provisions in the preceding treaties. The term crimes against humanity appeared well before 1945 to describe the extermination of the Armenian community by the Ottoman Turkish state. The Nuremberg Charter and the negotiations on it led to the making of a provision named as "crimes against humanity". Besides the war crimes, Article 6 (c) of the Nuremberg Charter enumerates crimes against humanity as "murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, and other inhumane acts committed against anu civilian population, before or during the war or persecutions on political, racial, or religious grounds". The novelty of the conception of crimes against humanity lies in the fact that it includes the aggression caused by a state on its own citizens. There exists a dilemma in the existing conception of crimes against humanity as to whether to link these crimes with international armed conflict or not. If there is no nexus between crimes against humanity and international armed conflict, human rights violations of all types would c ome under the purview of crimes against humanity and thereby, loosing its specificity. Importantly, the Statute of the Rwanda Tribunal does not include an inherent link between crimes against humanity and armed conflict (Article 3 ICTR Statute). As a result of various reforms through tribunals and ad hoc committees, apartheid, enforced disappearances, rape, imprisonment, persecution too are enlisted as crimes against humanity and a loose concern of "other inhumane acts". It means that genocide and crimes against humanity thus defined are closely related to international human rights law and international humanitarian law. The definition of genocide delineated in the article 6 of the Rome Statute is based on its portrayal by Genocide convention of 1948. It does not differentiate between crimes committed at the times of peace and war. The law of genocide is essentially group based. To take account of genocide, the intent of the crime is duly considered. The legal definition of genocide includes crimes such s killing of the members of a group, causing bodily or mental harm to members of a group, measures for the destruction of a community in whole or in part, programmed prevention of births within a group and forceful transfer of children of one group to another.In crimes against humanity, the perpetrator possesses knowledge about the specific attack, it would be used to target a community, and the violence would be employed as part of widespread and systematic attack. The enforcement of the international law against genocide and crimes against humanity thus effectively challenges the notion that the app lication of violence by nation states is a priori legitimate and activates a

Pro Forma Income Statement and Balance Sheet Essay

Pro Forma Income Statement and Balance Sheet - Essay Example This is done by dividing the balance for these accounts by sales revenue for 2013. The Balance Sheet accounts, which generally vary closely with Sales are cash, inventory, accounts payable, and accounts receivable. Fixed Assets are also often tied closely to Sales, unless there is excess capacity. On the Income Statement, costs are expressed as a percentage of Sales. Since we are assuming that all costs remain at a fixed percentage of Sales, net Income can be expressed as a percentage of sales indicating the profit margin. Taxes are expressed as a percentage of taxable income to determine the tax rate. The next step is constructing the Partial Pro-forma Financial Statements. The first step involves determining the forecast sales level for the company. One plus the forecasted growth rate in Sales multiplied by the sales for the year 2013 yields the sales forecast for 2014. The following formula explains this step. To obtain the growth rate, we compare the sales level of 2013 to the sales level of 2011 and 2012. There was a 1.6% drop in sales from 2011 to 2012. In 2013, the drop in sales was 3.1%. the average drop in sales for the two year period was 2.35%. therefore, the forecasted sales level for 2014 will be; After determining the sales forecast, the income statement and balance sheet accounts that vary directly with Sales are determined by multiplying the percentages by the Sales forecast. The accounts that do not vary directly with Sales are transferred to the Partial Pro-Forma Financial Statements without adjustments. The last step of constructing the pro forma financial statements is determining the external finance needed. External finance needed is the difference between partial pro-forma total assets and partial pro-forma total liabilities and owners equity. The amount for Garmin Ltd is 4887221-4879603 = 7618. Firms can choose to raise the external finance needed by

International Economics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

International Economics - Research Paper Example Capital regulation ensures that banks internalize losses. This helps guard deposit insurance fund reducing chances of losses by the deposit insurer. The recent economic crisis, which was associate with credit crunch started with the melt down of subprime mortgage, which is directly dependent on how banks are regulated. In the United States, the move by Clinton and Republican congress to deregulate the banking sector is liable for igniting the 2008 crisis. This paper focuses on the pros and cons of bank regulation and how it relates with global economics. The paper will also address the pros and cons of deregulation in the banking sector as well as how it relates with global economics. Additionally, the paper will analyze the effects of bank regulation and deregulation on and the financial crisis of 2008. Pros and Cons of Regulation in the Banking Sector The regulation process in US is such that a bank is supposed to take immediate moves to reinstate its capital ratio in case Losses o ccur. In case of losses, banks restore their capital by raising fresh capital or shrinking their asset base. The regulators force the banks to take either of the steps, which prevents instances of failure (Roubini 1-3; Delaney Web). Since United States resulted from confederation of states, there exist dual regulatory systems where banks are regulated by both the state as well as the federal government (Barthy, Liy and Lu 1-5). The 2008 economic crisis triggered numerous changes in bank regulation within United States. The bank regulators increased their inspection on banks particularly on capital and reserves. Additionally, the congress is expected to implement reforms aimed at increasing regulation and make changes on the regulatory systems (Pellerin, Walter and Wescott 1-4). Bank regulation entails chartering and authorizing banks to start business and examination of the activities of the banks through frequent auditing. The banks regulators in United States include Comptroller o f the currency, State Banking Authority, Federal Reserve, and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) (Pellerin, Walter and Wescott 6-7; Roubini 6-8). Pros of Bank Regulation Like mentioned above, banks regulate their capital by asset shrinkage or raising fresh capital. Each of these moves has its pros and cons. In case of asset shrinkage, the effect could be either credit crunch or fire sale. Shrinking of assets through reducing lending, the interest rate increases, which make it hard for firms to borrow money for investments. This results in eventual decrease in employment, which is detriment to the economy (Pellerin, Walter and Wescott 10). Bank regulation helps in protection customers and the taxpayer. The government agencies concerned with regulation of banks supervise the operations of financial institutions preventing them from abusing taxpayers. They ensure that taxpayers are not denied access to deposit insurance as well as loans (Roubini 7). The Federal Reserve ensure s that the central bank provides loans to banks. In case of financial crisis, the Federal Reserve inflates the safety net or increases the ease with which banks can access loans from the central bank. Therefore, safety net help to safeguard banks from bank runs reduces systemic risk in addition to reducing the cost of evaluating the health of financial institutions (Pellerin, Walter and Wescott 11-13). Another importance of bank regulation is to ensure safety and soundness regulation. The regulation agencies ensure

Sports Medicine Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sports Medicine - Research Paper Example The field of sports medicine has a long history dating back to the ancient Egyptians, Romans, and Greeks. A close analysis of the Greek society reveals that there was a close association between medicine and sports as athletes sought to remain healthy. In the modern world, a similar close association does exist as athletes and players need to maintain healthy bodies if they are to register outstanding performance in the different sports (Brukner and Khan 67). For several centuries, doctors have exhibited interest in not only treating sports injuries, but also helping the sports people to prepare for different activities. In the modern era, sports medicine is a highly developed field that focuses on helping athletes and sportsmen prevent injuries. Additionally, sports medicine seeks to offer therapy and rehabilitation to players who sustain injuries. This paper will focus on discussing sports medicine, its role in the modern world, as well as the different types of professionals who f all under this branch of medicine. The paper will also place emphasis on the need for an evidence-based approach in sports medicine to make it more effective. Sports medicine adopts a multidisciplinary approach to delivering health care to individuals who actively practice in exercise and sports. Therefore, sports medicine brings together expertise from different healthcare professionals all with the purpose of promoting the well-being of people actively involved in the exercise. Some organizations that are actively involved in sports medicine include; The American College of Sports Medicine, The American Academy of Podiatric Sports Medicine, The American Orthopedic Society for Sports Medicine, The National Strength and Conditioning Association, as well as The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine. Other international organizations include the International Federation of Sports Medicine and the International Counsel of Sports Science and Physical Education. All

Masculinity and Its Link in the Importance Essay Example for Free

Masculinity and Its Link in the Importance Essay Victorian ideas of masculinity. The concept of Victorian masculinity is a diverse one since it was influenced by numerous aspects and factors such as domesticity, economy, gender roles, imperialism, manners, religion and much more. Some of these aspects seem to be quite naturally related to one another, while others seem none-relational. For the males, this included a vast amount of pride in their work, protectiveness over their wives, and an aptitude for good social behaviour. The Victorians saw manliness as good, a form of control over maleness, which was brutish. Christianity contributed much to the Victorian concept of masculinity. The real Victorian man was to be spiritual and a faithful believer. The husband and father was considered to be the head of the household, but his duty was to rule. Victorian men were not only competing for respect within their own sex, but they needed to impress the women too. If they were not married, it depicted that they were not fully masculine because they did not have a family to support. Supporting a family was a sign of true success within the male sex. In the text so far Oscar Wilde shows Earnest/Jacks eagerness as a sign he could trying to assert his masculinity because that is what Victorian society is so judgemental. Prescribing the notion that women were born to dream of marriage, Cecily and Gwendolyn, from The Importance of Being Earnest, are caught up in the fantasies of the perfect marriage to the perfect earnest husband. Cecily and Gwendolyn are fixated on the name Earnest, almost as if it were an obsession; it is the ideal name for their future husbands. They are determined not to marry a man unless he is called Earnest because they believe a man with this name will automatically live up to the name’s expectations of being serious, honourable, and moral. In Wilde’s play, he comically satirizes the name â€Å"Earnest,† through the portrayal of two deceitful men whom the women fantasize as being ideal men worthy of marriage â€Å"My ideal has always been to love some one of the name of Earnest ’ These two men claim to live up to the Victorian ideals, but then live another life outside of the community to escape the society’s pressures. Henceforth, in the play, the men fall under the pressure of women and Victorian ideals rather than staying true to their identity and personalities. Even when Jack tries to admit his real name, Gwendolyn becomes lost in her ideals of a fantasized husband named Earnest and discourages Jack from confessing his real name. She uses the knowledge that she has learned from the Victorian society to judge whether someone by the name of â€Å"John† or â€Å"Jack† would be a suitable husband for her, and in doing so, she manipulates Jack into hiding his identity out of fear of losing Gwendolyn. He believes the only way Gwendolyn will accept him is to say his name is Earnest.

Influences of the Norwegian Language

Influences of the Norwegian Language Task A Do you have a rack at home with a CD player, tuner and equalizer? Or do you simply use a discman? If nothing else you may have a walkman? What kind of clothes do you wear? Is it a sweatshirt, jeans and boots? Do you eat fast food, or use a food processor to make something good? The Norwegian language is in relation to the majority of the worlds languages a medium-sized language. Most people are probably wondering whether the Norwegian language will survive in the next thousand years, or will more and more Norwegians go on to use English, so that within a short time, Norwegian will have gone completely into oblivion? So why do we really have all those English words in our language? There are several reasons for it, and thats what Im going to talk about in this article. I could have written 20 pages about the influence in the mass media for example, but I am going to focus on giving you a general overview of English influence instead. One of the reasons of this influence is that we constantly get new products, with English names. Just think of all those words that has followed with computer technology. Take for example: Software, hard drive and back up. Its entirely possible to find a Norwegian name for these new products, but I am not alone when I say that most people in Norway say PC (personal computer) instead of PD (personlig databehandler). English has a strong position as an international language in many areas of society, as in business, in science, in technology and not least in the mass media. American culture dominates in many areas in Norway. Ask yourself these questions: How many times a year do you go to the cinemas? On how many of those visits do you watch American films? Another thing is if you listen to a local radio station, I dont think that its wrong to say that 90% of the music being played is English. Previously it has been German and French who have given us the majority of foreign words, but today, it is English, which gives us the majority. It is said that English words and influence, is the biggest problem for the Norwegian language today. Education in Norway has been far better when it comes to English and it is said that the Scandinavian countries are world champions in English! Language Scientists believe that many English words from teaching at school go straight into the daily speech of youths. In youth environments its easy to be influenced by English. This applies especially to such persons who enjoy music. Pop and rap artists usually sing their songs in English. The young people learn the lyrics and use the English words in their everyday speech. Retail chains have found out that young people buy more clothes if the goods have English names, such as jeans, boots, shirts, and that young people eat chips, snacks and burgers. Advertising and marketing play a key role in the English influence. Words such as hot, happy, fun and sexy are often used to spice up their sentences and make the advertisements more attractive. Earlier all titles of English language movies were translated into Norwegian. Today however most movies keep their original titles, and only a few titles are translated, mainly movies meant for kids. Science is also a contributor to this. The United States has been leading the scientific research in the recent decades, and therefore new discoveries and theories are presented in English. Tons of new products and new product categories are created in the United States and spread worldwide with English names. Moreover, just think of something as ordinary as a car. There are many English words used. We say: gear, clutch, coil, choke, dash, etc. The technological development gives us many opportunities, but at the same time, there is no doubt that new technology and new media represent a risk for small language communities. Also local cultural activities and traditions are in danger of becoming more and more uniform in globalizations wake. Last but not least, we have everyday language and slang. We are messengers spreading the English on to others. One can, for example, say that some new expressions have come with immigration. Another thing is that foreign words are more likely to come into the language of a big city than in a small village. There are several people in a metropolis and, not to mention, several immigrants. These are reasons why the language is affected. We can adapt a lot of English words to Norwegian without major problems. This is especially true for words like stress, sports, bullying, plotting, tackling and smart. These words can easily be used in Norwegian, because they can follow the Norwegian inflection. But just as many words create problems in the system. Many of the words like jeans, thriller, image, seed, slide and walkman, are difficult to adapt to the Norwegian writing rules. We have become so accustomed to English being around us 24 hours a day, that we do not always notice its there. It has become so uncommon making own words, that many people find it funny when people resort to our own language elements and create a new word of them. When the word utblà ¥sing was launched as the replacement for the English word blow-out, there is no denying that some people wrinkled their nose a bit. Yet the word has now been through, and is an example of how words can seem a bit comical at first, but after a short time become quite natural to use. Sitting down in front of the computer at home today, you can communicate with people from all over the world. For only a hundred years ago it would have taken weeks from a letter was sent, to the recipient in another country would receive it. New technology has made the world smaller. Norwegian media are more likely to communicate with the foreign media, and therefore gain insight into foreign news. It is no longer for granted that one must study in Norway, or work here. Norwegians have become internationalized, and we know that there is more than Little Norway. The question on whether the Norwegian language is going to disappear, I personally think no, but it is frightening to think that in the future there may be a completely different Norwegian language than the Norwegian language we speak today. You are influenced by your mother, your father, your siblings, the boss at your job, the TV program you saw last night, the commercial that was shown before the television program you saw , you heard the radio broadcast on way to school this morning, the newspaper you read at the breakfast table. All this has given you English influence, perhaps without you even thinking of it. The world community has an impact on how language changes, and as long as people in society changes, the language will do the same.